Drones instead of towers: how “flying relays” solve weak signal issues

Traditional mobile networks rely on fixed towers, but this approach often struggles with sudden traffic spikes or infrastructure failures. Researchers from Stevens Institute of Technology have introduced an alternative — a flexible system based on drones.

Dynamic coverage instead of static infrastructure

In this concept, drones act as temporary base stations. They can be quickly deployed to areas with poor or no coverage, strengthening the signal and expanding network availability where needed.

The solution, called AURA-GreeN, was described in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

A network that moves

Unlike traditional infrastructure, the system operates as a dynamic network. Drones communicate with each other and with user devices, adjusting their positions and roles depending on current conditions.

Algorithms continuously analyze signal quality, interference, and traffic load, optimizing data routing and resource allocation in real time.

Where it matters most

This approach is particularly relevant in densely populated urban areas where deploying new towers is difficult. It could also prove crucial during emergencies, disaster response, and search-and-rescue operations.

Not just connectivity, but data freshness

The system evaluates not only connection stability but also how up-to-date the transmitted information is. This is measured using the “age of information” metric, which reflects how quickly users receive fresh data.

According to the researchers, this показатель has improved several times, enhancing overall communication efficiency.

Balancing multiple factors

The system must simultaneously manage latency, spectrum allocation, traffic load, and energy consumption. Optimizing these factors is complex, as improving one may negatively impact others.

Use at large-scale events

Concerts, festivals, and sports events are another promising use case, where mobile networks often face heavy congestion.

Drones already used for filming such events could also serve as signal relays, combining multiple functions in a single platform.

Integration without full overhaul

The solution is implemented as an xApp within the Open-RAN framework, allowing integration into existing telecom infrastructure without requiring a complete rebuild.

The advantage of altitude

A key benefit of drones is their elevated position. This provides a clearer line of sight between transmitters and user devices, improving signal reliability, especially in dense urban environments.